Category: Guest lectures

Title:

How to Traumatize Your Opponent: Mockery in Chinese Buddhist Scholastic Debate

Abstract:

The legendary Samye debate is widely regarded as a landmark in the history of Sino-Tibetan transcultural exchange. Since the publication of Paul Demiéville’s Le Concile de Lhasa, the Dunwu dasheng zhengli jue 頓悟大乘正理決 (The Ratification of Sudden Awakening as the True Principles of Mahāyāna) has been recognized as a key Chinese source for understanding both the historical episode and the doctrinal contours of the debate it records. This talk draws attention to a seemingly minor rhetorical feature of the text and proposes to use it as a lens through which to explore the broader culture of scholastic debate in medieval China. Drawing on a range of sources, it examines mockery as a distinctive rhetorical strategy in Chinese religious disputation, deployed in both intra-Buddhist debates and inter-religious encounters with other Chinese traditions. By foregrounding this strategy, the talk reconsiders the nature of Dunwu dasheng zhengli jue as a polemical document and invites further reflection on the disparate scholastic frameworks shaping what counts as a “winnable argument” in Chinese versus Indian and Tibetan traditions.

Bio:

Xiaoming Hou is currently a Glorisun Postdoctoral Fellow at UC Berkeley. She is a scholar of Chinese Buddhism specializing in Chinese Buddhist scholasticism and cross-cultural transmission. She received her Ph.D. from EPHE/PSL (École Pratique des Hautes Études/Université Paris Sciences et Lettres) in Paris, Department of Religions et Système de pensées in 2022. Her doctoral thesis, entitled Pratiquer le bouddhisme en chinois: traduction et reconstruction des enseignements sur la méditation bouddhique du IIe au VIe siècles en Chine, focuses on the interdependent dynamics between meditation and exegesis in early medieval China.

The Gandhāra Corpora Project, South Asia Network Ghent, and Ghent Centre for Buddhist Studies present a lecture by Professor Nicholas Witkowski from the University of San Diego.

Title: Monastic Monsters: Historicizing Outcaste Characters in the Grotesquerie of Indian Buddhist Literature

Speaker:  Nicholas Witkowski, University of San Diego

Date and Time: October 3, 2024, at 16:00

Location: Faculteitszaal, Blandijn, faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, Blandijnberg 2, 9000 Gent

Abstract: This presentation forms one pillar of a broader project to write the history of outcaste Buddhism drawing upon texts from the Buddhist legal codes (Vinaya). There is an assumption, implicit in much of early Buddhist material, as well as in much of modern scholarship, that Buddhism is primarily an upper-caste affair. In other words, the field effectively operates as though outcaste Buddhist communities lacked the agential capacity to shape the institutional and soteriological landscape of South Asian Buddhism. Articulating the contours of outcaste influence, or even presence, can prove difficult, as many cases in the Vinaya tend to mask caste status. In this presentation, I will focus on a particular Vinaya case about a monastic monster—a sexually deviant figure—in order to propose a methodological approach to reading for outcaste monastics. As postcolonial studies of colonial literature have argued, the discourse of sexual deviancy is often code for subaltern fugitivity—in this case, fugitivity from the socio-economic fetters of caste. This presentation will argue that we may read cases of sexual deviancy among monks in the Vinaya as a discursive index of upper-caste anxiety about the presence of outcaste communities in the monastery.

About the Speaker: Nicholas Witkowski is Assistant Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of San Diego. His current project, Lifestyles of Impurity, is a study of low-/outcaste monastic communities in first millennium South Asia that employs the theoretical armature of historians of the everyday. This book project integrates feminist, Marxist, post-colonialist, and Foucauldian literary-critical approaches to the study of textual sources documenting the socio-religious practices of low-/outcaste communities. What Dr. Witkowski hopes to convey is a nuanced articulation of the social locations of marginality as wellsprings of cultural innovation that continued to resist, challenge, and, in certain key respects, transform Brahmanical imperial discourse and practice across the Sanskrit cosmopolis throughout the first millennium CE.

On May 14, 2024, Dr. Swosti Rajbhandari Kayastha will deliver a guest lecture titled “The Community Museum of the Itumbaha Buddhist Monastery, Kathmandu” within the framework of the bachelor-level course “Art and Archaeology of South Asia” organized by GCBS’s Daniela De Simone.

Dr. Swosti Rajbhandari Kayastha is a cultural heritage scholar and a museum and gallery professional working with Nepal Art Council as curator and PR officer. She received her MA in Nepalese History, Culture and Archaeology from Tribhuvan University in Nepal and another Master’s degree in Museum and Gallery Practice from University College, London.

On May 7, 2024, Prof. Dr. Halle O‘Neal will deliver a guest lecture titled “The Multiple Lives of Buddhist Objects: Enriching Art Historical Methodologies” within the framework of our master-level course “Culture in Perspective: South and East Asia”, organized by Dr. Mathieu Torck and Prof. Dr. Ann Heirman.

Halle O’Neal is a Reader in Japanese Buddhist art in the History of Art department and Co-Director of Edinburgh Buddhist Studies at the University of Edinburgh. She is authored Word Embodied: The Jeweled Pagoda Mandalas in Japanese Buddhist Art (Harvard University Asia Cente, 2018) and edited Reuse and Recycling in Japanese Visual and Material Cultures (vol. 52 of Ars Orientalis, 2023).

On March 19, 2024, Dr. Swosti Rajbhandari Kayastha will deliver a guest lecture titled “Tibetan and Himalayan Art” within the framework of the bachelor-level course “Art and Archaeology of South Asia” organized by GCBS’s Daniela De Simone.

Dr. Swosti Rajbhandari Kayastha is a cultural heritage scholar and a museum and gallery professional working with Nepal Art Council as curator and PR officer. She received her MA in Nepalese History, Culture and Archaeology from Tribhuvan University in Nepal and another Master’s degree in Museum and Gallery Practice from University College, London.

On Friday, February 23, 2024, the Ghent Centre for Buddhist Studies welcomed Professor Neil Schmid 史瀚文 from the Dunhuang Academy 敦煌研究院. In the beginning of the meeting with the GCBS researchers, Neil Schmid introduced the Dunhuang Academy, which is located in Gansu province of China and engages in conservation and research of a number of major Buddhist cave sites in the Hexi corridor, most prominently the Mogao caves in Dunhuang. Comprised of about 120 full-time researchers and over 1000 staff, the academy runs its own Journal of Dunhuang Research and shares some of its resources with the general public through the Digital Dunhuang platform. Neil Schmid’s own project at the Academy aims at publishing a comprehensive guide to scholarly resources on Dunhuang studies for Western scholars.

In the second part of the meeting, Professor Schmid shared with the students his experience using various kinds of software to streamline their research activities. He advised using Zotero to create bibliographies, accumulate libraries of PDFs, and manage them with tags. Another useful piece of software is the cloud-based Devonthink that Neil Schmid uses for storing images and other resources related to each of the Buddhist caves. Finally, according to him, the best solution for writing a book is Scrivener, which allows you to store data locally, synchronize on multiple devices (i.e., the notes that you make on your tablet will also appear on your computer), tag and connect notes.

Last but not least, the young scholars of the GCBS had an opportunity to ask their questions and discuss their ongoing research. The topics touched upon the social history of Dunhuang, the development of imagery of Buddhist deities, and the Dunhuang-related resources in the collection of the National Museum of India. GCSB’s Professors Ann Heirman and Christoph Anderl proceeded to discuss possible cooperation between the GCBS and Dunhuang Academy after the meeting.

Report author: Mariia Lepneva